Viral Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Meningitis is a rare but severe infection of the meninges. The meninges are the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. A virus or bacteria usually cause meningitis, but sometimes it may be caused by a fungus.
Viral meningitis is usually a less dangerous form of meningitis, compared to bacterial meningitis, and most commonly affects children. It can cause severe headaches. Viral meningitis is usually caused by viruses that live in fluids in the mouth and nose, and faeces (poo). Anyone can get viral meningitis, but it is most common in babies and young children.
Viral meningitis symptoms can be similar to those of bacterial meningitis, so it is essential to seek urgent medical help if concerned.
Viral meningitis causes
Most cases in the United States are caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, most common in late summer and early fall. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps virus, West Nile virus and others also can cause viral meningitis.
Viral meningitis symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Photophobia (eyes being more sensitive to light)
- Sleepiness or trouble waking up from sleep
- Nausea
- Irritability
- Vomiting
- Lack of appetite
- Lethargy (a lack of energy)
Most people with mild viral meningitis usually get better on their own within 7 to 10 days.
Initial symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to those of bacterial meningitis. However, bacterial meningitis is usually severe and can cause serious complications, such as brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.
See a doctor right away if you think you or your child might have meningitis. A doctor can determine if you have the disease, what is causing it, and the best treatment.
How is viral meningitis treated?
There is no specific viral meningitis treatment for viral meningitis, and patients usually get better with plenty of rest and fluids alone. Paracetamol can be used to ease any symptoms of headache and fever. Children with viral meningitis should stay home from school or day care until they feel well.
Viral meningitis is not treated with antibiotics because antibiotics are ineffective against viral illnesses.
